Sexism In The Workplace - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1216 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Women Rights Essay Did you like this example? Have you ever felt you were discriminated against because of your gender? Sexism in the workplace is an ongoing issue for females today. Though women have been fighting for their rights for many generations, many types of gender discrimination persist in our society. Lets explore the many different reasons why gender discrimination can occur at work and what effects it may have on individuals so that we can put changes in place which will prevent this from progressing. The main and frequent gender discrimination takes places during the hiring process. Getting a job can be one of the most stressful situations for many adults. Gender has a major influence on what job we hold. When we think of construction workers, presidents, CEOs and police officers we think of men while being a nurse, teacher and flight attendant we perceive it as a females job (Cundiff and Vescio 3). It is difficult for a female to get a job as a construction worker, culture norms made it seem improper for a female to work in this field. Having this job would require hard labor, which many men believe they are the only ones who can do it effectively. As for men, if they did a job that was mostly female-dominated suck as nursing, the public would perceive them as weak, and not manly enough (Settles and OConner 7). Employers are reluctant to hire a certain gender based on the job description. These continuing gender stereotypes often can inhibit females in achieving the higher statu s/position jobs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sexism In The Workplace" essay for you Create order Gender discrimination can occur in many types of job roles/positions. For example, males hold more leadership positions than females. Women comprise 66% of U.S workforce, yet only 21% hold middle management positions, and a mere 15% are at senior management level (Sipe 2). Women are being discriminated against and dont hold a larger amount management level because they are perceived to be weak and unable to work by their male counterpart (Crofts and Coffey 1). There are many unjust situations women experience resulting in fewer opportunities. Females have to face more issues than men, like having children and taking care of the family. In some cases, women have to put their job on hold to take a maternity leave and take a couple of months off from work, while men are free and can get a greater chance of a promotion (Flanagan 2). Women have to work twice as hard than men so they can prove theyre able to the same as them. Having all these obstacles can make females feel its impossible to achieve a role or a job because of there gender resulting in them giving up. University women in male-dominated academic fields were more likely to consider changing their major and that they continued to perceive gender-based obstacles in their fields (Sipe 2). If females arent given an equal opportunity to achieve a higher position, it will result in them getting paid less. Another form of discrimination women face in the workplace is the wage gap. The wage gap is a major controversy brought up in the workplace. At a young age, we were taught that men go out and work while women stayed home and took care of the family. American women have been battling for equal pay for many decades, the Equal Pay Act was to end the idea of men earning more the females based on sex. Although the wage gap between men and females improved we can still see some discrimination against women. For a very long time, it has become a norm that men earn more the women. According to U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, women earned 81 cents to every dollar men earned (Tufarolo 5). Women are getting paid less for the same workmen are doing. It is highly likely if a male and female had the same education and some job position that the men would get paid more. This can cause many dilemmas for singles mothers taking care of a child. Women have to earn enough money to take care of monthly bills and still have enough money to buy groceries (Fogel 2). Not only is the gender gap affecting the way they take care of the loved ones, but it also affects there retirement plan. If men are earning more than females, men would have a larger margin to save up for retirement (Manuel 6). A certain gender should not influence the amount of money one should make. The amount of education acquired and skills someone has should be the reason why they get paid more. Some females might not choose a certain job even if it pays more because of the fear of being sexually harassed. Gender discrimination can also lead to sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment can come in two forms, quid pro quo, and hostile work environment. Quid pro quo is when you are put in a tough situation where you have to exchange something to receive something, most people know it has this for that . women are told to do a sexual favor for a promotion or a raise (Sipe 3). The other version is a hostile work environment where an employer might make an inappropriate sexual comment or unwanted touching. This type of sexual harassment can turn into something serious like sexual assault. Women are traumatized and frightened to every report it. Females are hesitant to come forward and report this type of sexual harassment for many reasons. The first reasons maybe of shame, victims of sexual harassment feel violated and exposed while being at the mercy of another person (Burner 1). They often start to blame themselves for the sexual assault and convincing themselves not to report it. The second reason is that victims are in denial (Burner 3). Many victims refuse to accept that the harassment they experienced was assault. They convince themselves it wasnt a big deal. Some victims might even convince themselves they were the only ones victimized and dont come forward until other victims do. The result of denial and hopelessness can lead to depression. The third reason can be the fear of consequences they will face if they come forward with the sexual harassment or assault (Burner 5). This is one of the biggest reasons why females workers dont speak out. They feel that if they speak out, they can lose their job, not be promoted , be seen as an agitator, wont acquire another job or even fear for there safety. Although laws such as the womens rights, equal pay act, and civil rights act have extremely improved and narrowed the glass ceiling, the fights for womens rights is not over. In todays society, we can see that women are still being mistreated. They are being discriminated against because of their gender. Women receive fewer job offers than men, they receive lower pay, they dont hold as much management positions compared to men and are being sexually harassed in the workplace. Women should not have to fight for their rights, again and again, the laws placed to protect all workers rights should be consistently enforced. Discrimination is totally unacceptable in todays society. We must change the united way we think of women and how we treat them. We need to move forward together and change as a society so that no female worker suffers from gender discrimination in the future.

Dysfunctional Families A Dysfunctional Family - 2584 Words

It is difficult to come by healthy families in modern society, for many families experience many hardships and tribulations all throughout life. The dysfunctional family is apparent in many households in today’s society, for a dysfunctional family is described as any condition in which healthy family functioning is interfered (Santa Clara University). There are many reasons for why families become dysfunctional in America today, and statistics are staggering, showing that about half of all marriages end in divorce. Dysfunctional families can be caused either by parents who are insufficient in their efforts to raise their children, or it can be the children who misbehave and cause ruckus in the household. While healthy families tend to return to their normal lives after a time of intense stress or crisis, dysfunctional families experience chronic or longing problems that never seem to fade (Santa Clara University). Dysfunctional families are characterized by specific causes and factors that lead them to become unhealthy and dysfunctional, and these causes vary from alcoholic and abusive parents to parents who lack parenting skills. A catastrophic event, such as a death in the family or a parent having an affair, can cause families to also fall victim to dysfunction in the household. Cures to help fix the unhealthy functioning of many families exist in society, and they can be used to help repair lost relationships with parents and children. The dysfunctional family is aShow MoreRelatedDysfunctional Family2939 Words   |  12 PagesDysfunctional Family A dysfunctional family is a family, in which conflict, misbehavior and even abuse on the part of individual members of the family occur continually, leading other members to accommodate such actions. 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Australian Broadband System - Policies and Reforms

Question: Choose any one industry and discuss reforms in that industry in Australia which include government competition policy, labour reforms and labour laws, minimum wages, productivity and training and technology (broad band). Answer: Introduction Government reforms relating to broadband network in Australia has been a remarkable reform in the industry. Australian Government has invested a huge sum for implementing the ultra fast fibre-to the-home (FTTH) network relating to broadband to give away a speedy network connection amongst the household as well as commercial purposes. National Broadband Network (NBN) is a project in Australian market to update the network and improve, upgrade the infrastructure for a dynamically enhanced digital system. A better quality connection with the implementation of different technologies is essential for education system, better lifestyle, entertainment, bettered workplace and industries. One of the advantages of NBN over the years has been its high speed. A network development in Australia was under the political and social influence for a number of years. The things did not go as it was actually framed. Unplanned beginning, wrong procedures, social and political influence, unwanted delays all were responsible for a rough start. Reports have also evaluated that when NBN expended a $7.3 billion it only could deliver its network resources to 3, 50,000 buildings or premises, but introduction of fibre to the node (FTTN), fibre to the building (FTTB), long term evolution (LTE), fixed wireless, these architectural designs have made its significance relevant in the eyes of the people by imparting the systems among a good number of premises year after year. Government Competition Policy The Telecommunication and Regulatory reform in Australia brings out a system through which the market shall be neutral competitively and flexible relating to price. The reform shall encourage the developers in the market to provide different upgraded services and also safeguarding of the customers. Both the wireless and satellite services could go hand in hand in the market as and when they are required, they are used accordingly. The government made a total fifty three suggestions or recommendations for calibrating changes in the telecommunication markets. The competition regulation was governed by the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (CCA). The structural issues relating to regulations, overall monitoring of prices, and encouraging new development strategies were some of the key issues of the reform. With response to the suggestions made in relation to the reform the government agreed to make changes in the infrastructural pattern in competitions. New legislations were to be intro duced in Part 7 of the Telecommunications Act 1997 which shall take effect from 1st January, 2017. The act shall also be amended in certain places, in Part 8 specifically. For development or innovation of new products ACCC shall provide with certain instructions. An issue relating to privatization of National Broadband Network was also a key point.(Government, 2014). National Competition Policy was introduced in Australia, in the year 1995. Gradually, reform in the broadband sector took place. But, telecommunication services started liberalizing in the year 1990s only and became popular in the year 1997 as Australian government started selling the telecommunication providers owned by the government itself. The ADSL enabled telephone services are capable of delivering broadband services, in mostly nonmetropolitan areas. With the gradual decrease in cost, the service providers got appropriate controls over the network excepting the copper pair line. In the year 2003, in South Australia (Meningie), an internet service providers inter-node was installed, with this the competition in non commercial infrastructure market took place. The first notable name for competition in the market is Optus (XYZed) for introducing xDSL services and it gave competition to Telstras DSLAMs, and it was in the year 2000. The copper upgrade proposal of Telstra in 2005 and up gradation of the fibre to the node network as well was put on hold; later on an agreement was signed with the company and Optus in 2011 to remedy the same. In later years, Telstra was seen to upgrade their systems and engineering in providing the customers with better experience while surfing net, with a speed up to 8 Mbit/s. Telstra is said to provide almost 3 million retail fixed broadband services. There were companies like Microsoft, Google which sh owed encouragement towards National Broadband Network, Australia and also there were a lot of criticisms and social as well as political pressures for the same. On the other hand, Agile Communication has been significant in providing network connections in rural and regional areas as compared to Telstar. Fixed line broadband and wireless connection, both were acknowledged in this case. The company invested in giving out connections to backward areas with their own microwave network. Later on Government invested a large amount in meeting the network needs in rural and regional areas as well in September, 2006. iiNet brought in the year 2007, the first naked DSL system. With the introduction of this thing, the network connections without telephonic network could be made possible. With the growing development in the broadband industry, the number of people using internet also increased.(Cameron, 2005). During the years 2009-2013 National Broadband Network faced a rollout. For poor decision making, taking short cuts, it faced continuous diminution in its management process. The election pressure also led them to be so. The Coalition and ALP agreed with the government regarding reform thinking that it would provide high speed internet to the regions of Australia. The introduction of fibre optical cable to almost all the buildings in the country and fibre to neighborhood cabinets took almost a decade to reverse the system from copper cables. The ALP completion period is on 2021 and introduction of satellite and fixed wireless customers, creating monopoly power are its motto. The Coalition completion time is on 2019 and its major objective is to allow Telstra and Optus to have a competitive environment using the prevailing network system which was outlined for Pay-tv. The pricing would be kept wholesale. These notable parties would provide a better experience with the networking system in different parts of the country.(Jennett, 2013). The owners of buildings and apartments have to choose between installations of telecommunication equipment into their building for providing services or it would depend upon a network service provided by an autonomous network service provider. If they want to install the device on their own then it shall be checked if the building occupants have any personal choice of opting for a service provider or competition in the future. The regulations imposed by the government are to be properly checked in this regard. The question of end users privacy and net neutrality has seemed to remain a debacle in the Australian network. But, with the integrated companies like Telstra, those problems could be addressed with the better trafficking and improved user experiences. Labor Reforms and Labor Laws In the beginning there was the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1904 which involved settlement of arguments and misunderstanding in the industries. Later on due to inconsistencies observed, different regulations were introduced. The Workplace Relations Act, 1996, The Work Choices Act, 2005 was enforced thereafter. In the 46th National Conference in December 2011, a new National Platform was given for the labor market. The government indulged in helping and supporting the working families and their children, creation of employment opportunities in changing economy, and investing in infrastructures to welcome better resource facilities. Australian Labor Party won the election held in November, 2007, and particular schemes of improvements were promised by the party for the coming years, but they suffered from real disasters. Labor is dedicated to create a feasible framework for regional network development and it would ensure each and every regions. When both Coalition and Labor wanted to change the prevailing perspective of Australian broadband, labor was observed to be incompetent to meet the objectives within the stipulated time period as promised by the authority before. In the 2007 election, it was promised by Kevin Rudd that an NBN will be completed within the year 2013 which involved almost $ 4.7 billion public funding. But coping up with the continuous disasters and problems, it is heading to meet the objective so slow that it is at gamble if it could be completed within the year 2021. The promised network was present in around 72,600 buildings and this could properly be utilized in only 10, 400 buildings from those 72,400. Different pricing policies, varied download speed, network errors, wrong decision making and poor management system has been the real drawback in the situation. It is unknown whether the stakeholders would be able to earn a promised 7 % return on investment from this National broadband network policies and reforms, as that is also unforeseeable. In the year 2009, it was chosen to be most costly than any other broadband plans in the whole world, where as practically a broadband plan should be such that would meet the optimum efficiency and customers need in a cost effective way. In this way to mitigate the labors problem relating to cost, the fibre were extended to cabinets in basements of premises or within few hundred metres of buildings. With the use of existing copper cables, the expenses could be managed. Coalition was probable of giving more advantage to the customers in comparison than labor. The government though tried hard to neutralizing the competition among the companies, but they remain somewhat the same, the regulations were made to reduce the cost and variety in broadband plans. The regulation naming WorkChoice came into force which suffered from the following attributes: 1. The convention gives out the workers with a choice to do the job or choice of job. 2. The workers when have poor bargaining power only could attract an individual job, and such individual job contract may involve poor and stringent norms. 3. There were only the liberal party and large business industries which were satisfied with the WorkChoice legislation, neither Australian Labor Party nor the Australian Council of Trade Unions were antagonistic to the proposal or legislation for its harshness. 4. The agreement wanted to weaken the collective bargaining power of trade union. The Australian WorkChoice Agreement also suffered when in the year 2007 a lot of workers were suffering from unemployment which covered almost 10.6% in Queensland, 7.7% in Outer Western Melbourne, 9.4% in Tasmania, 7.8% in Northern Adelaide. The unemployment was because the WorkChoice Agreement failed to address its positive impacts in those regions. As the labors broadband of rolling out the fibre to the node network would take place, it would cover almost 98% of the Australian to a high speed network connection and it was hoped to create new job opportunities as it would address the issues relating to governments failure to deliver the fibre to the node infrastructure. There has been an increase in the minimum wages when the West Australian Industrial Relations Commission decided to increase the same by $20 per week. This shall be applicable to all states. The Australian labor party believes in the amount of wage would be provided along with remuneration which will be in a just and equitable manner and should not result in inflated amount of wage or a very low amount of wage as well. The trade agreement shall be such that the minimum wages and remuneration as the case may be, is protected keeping in view the labors skill and competence. Network Technology 1. The fixed line network system involves some fibre optic cable which helps to transmit the data unlike the traditional copper cable system. In copper cable system the probability of loss of data was found to prevail in the system, which could be made good with the introduction of fixed line networks. The fibre optic cable goes from a building to a street and is fixed at the top of a power pole, and that is kept under ground. The service point covers almost sixteen fibre distribution areas and that is capable of providing services to almost a 3200 premises. 2. The fixed line broadband ADSL +2 have been a phenomenal network system, most widely used and very much cost effective. The cost effectiveness is really an important issue when network service is of crucial importance in a business or in day to day activities involving huge data, the cheaper the broadband plan, the better it is. There are good combo offers available in the market, which includes calling rates plans for national as well as international calls along with particular data for online surfing. The disadvantage associated with this technology is a phone line is required to be taken; a modem has to be fit. The connection may be slower than the wireless fidelity network connections. There might be hidden cost involved along with the installation of the telephone line. 3. Bright Telecommunication was the first company to introduce the fibre to the home network system in Australia in the year 2001. A broadband speed of 50 mbps can be provided by the broadband companies. The nation was firstly decided to be regulated with this kind of networking system and later the fixed wireless system came into effect. Since, there has been a change of the regulatory authority in the year 2013; the fibre to the premises roll out was seen as a bit skeptic for the national broadband network which will be involved in a mix of multiple technologies. (Taylor, 2014) NBN Co. has a plan of evolving with the wireless network, which will be a 4G connection. But, this will not cover a good percentage of regions of Australia. Spectrums of 2.3 GHz and 3.4 GHz shall be put to use for accomplishing the setting up of the system. More electronic devices like desktop, laptop, computer, mobile phones, and cameras with operating systems could be used with the help of the wireless fid elity network from the signals of a particular router. The wireless connection can be city wide, campus wide (in case of a workplace, educational institutions). The companies like NBN provide with a user guide for the operational purposes. 4. In Satellite broadband connection a satellite internet dish is provided by some companies or they provide a device. The data is transmitted with the help of radio waves, very small aperture terminal and a dish antenna which is to be fitted in the premises of the customer. A star network topology is followed in the process where each and every network communication, data and information is transmitted through the main processor. The NBN Co. wants to initiate two Ka band satellites. Impact of Australian Broadband in economy and productivity There have been a number of studies which show that the reforms and changes in the telecommunication and broadband networks in Australia have showed positive impact in its economy since the year 1990s. A multifactor productivity growth of 65 to 85 % between the years 1985 to 2002 was observed to have taken placed due to Information and Communication Technology products and mediums. In the year 2001-02 around 2, 89,000 people got job for the introduction of broadband. The e-commerce activity also improved and was made comparatively simple. In later years, mobile broadband and internet also proved to be a boon to the Australian economy as productivity in mobile sector increased by 11.3 % in the year 2013 from the year 2006. Business operation cost also decreased and the overall economic activity of Australia increased in the year 2013 by $33.8 billion (Data taken from (acma, 2014) ). There are about 6 % premises which are not able to get a fixed internet broadband service. About 28 % p remises have a admittance to peak download speed which is between 25 to 110 Mbps. Coaxial cable network, fibre to the node framework and fixed wireless network is also available to almost a 28 % premises (high speed internet). The areas where broadband connections are not properly served are pointed out and NBN would address those regions in the future with better technology. Coaching/Training of Workers and seniors There are short term trainings or course for the broadband programs which is approved by the NBN Co. Australian government has also conducted online lessons regarding computer and internet. Due to the changing computer and internet activity in the industry, people need to stay updated with the environment. A proper knowledge is provided in such training programs. The workers who are involved in specific industries and activities are provided training relating to their field of activity, there are courses which have to be pursued by the workers mandatorily and there are courses which are recommendatory. Courses involve the regulations and rules, the awareness and safety, power awareness, aerial construction, installation of hardware, fibre optical cable etc. The Australian Seniors Computer Clubs Association has also come up a number of training programs, consists of the elementary as well as the specialized programs regarding computers and networks for the seniors. Conclusion The Australian broadband has improved over the years but there are many developed nations, with which Australia lags in competition. When it was said by the honorable Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull in the year 2013 that the Coalitions fibre to the node national broadband network will be able to transmit a maximum of 25 Mbps speed, the same could not be met. But, Australia has been remarkable in utilizing the mobile broadband technology amongst the major OECDs. A huge number of mobile broadband customers with a rate of penetration of 114% were observed during the year 2013. Some of the broadband service providers in Australia are BigPond broadband, Optus Broadband, iiNet Broadband, Telstra business broadband, Internodes Broadband etc. Competitions relating to costs, data packages, speed revolves around these companies which the government has tried to neutralize over the years by implementing certain regulations. There have been major ups and downs in the network systems whi ch were further corrected with the introduction of developed network infrastructure. Although, the broadband technology is not as developed in Australia as many other countries across the globe, but the system has grown over the years keeping in view the underserved regions, and introducing better technologies. Weekly reports are exhibited which points out the overall progress achieved with the NBN projects, the number of regions additionally covered in the week, and with what network technologies with statistics. A corporate plan involving three years is chalked out and uncertainties of any kind are to be considered to resume the program as it is even in the time of contingencies. Such corporate plan was firstly formed with a long term business perspective for the period June 2011 to June 2013. Works Cited acma. (2014, April 4). Mobile broadband boosts the economy. Cameron, A. L. (2005). National Competition Policy and Broadband provisions in Australia. In W. T. Stewart Marshall, Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with Information and Communication Technology (pp. 506-508). Australia: Idea Group Reference. Eisenach, J. (2014). Australias failed experiment in government-owned broadband. TechPolicyDaily , 1. Government, A. (2014). Telecommunications Regulatory and Structural Reform. Commonwealth of Australia. Harkness, P. (2008). Labor Market Reform in Australia: The New Industrial Relations Law and the Elections. Monthly Reveiw , 4-6. Jennett, G. (2013). Broadband policy: where the parties stand. ABC News , 1-3. Taylor, J. (2014). Fibre to the node becomes default NBN deployment. ZDNet , 1. Taylor, J. (2014). NewSat offers to buy NBN Co satellites. ZDNet , 1-2.

Essay about the Project Management

Question: Write an essay about the Project Management. Answer: Introduction Conflict management is the procedure to lower down the negative features of conflict at the same time raising the positive features of conflict. The motive of this process is to increase group results which include efficiency in both organizational and personal environment. There are various techniques to resolve conflict like Forcing, Collaborating, Compromising and Smoothing. Badly managed or without properly managed conflict could hamper trust and lower down effectiveness. When one understands the importance of individual needs and is ready to analyze them in a congenial environment, it then helps in team building and effective relations. Whenever a conflict is solved rapidly trust factor increases.A good conflict resolution is dependent on the capacity of a person to manage his stress by being attentive and peaceful. If a person cannot control himself, then he may become overwhelmed in difficult circumstances. One has the find the things that are comforting for them in order to r elieve stress by way of any of the five senses. Conflicts can become very demanding and tough therefore it is good to see if the matter really deserves the time and energy. There are various strategies, techniques, skills and tips in order to resolve conflict in a congenial way. Literature Review According to research, conflict related circumstances are bound to arise and also an essential feature in workstations. A conflict arises when the aspirations and targets of both the parties gets in the way of each other. It is a natural phenomenon as different parties have different set of concerns.It can arise between team members, separate department, superiors and colleagues. As per research conflict is not a negative connotation rather it brings opportunities for enhancement and development. Hence it is essential to study and make use of the conflict resolution techniques(Bolton, 2016). The first technique that is discussed is forcing in such a situation the individual rigidly follows his own issues rather than paying heed to the confrontation posed by the other person. This can result in putting across ones thinking forward at the cost of the other person.Forcing can be suitable in many situations like: - In cases when other powerful methods are fruitless When there is a requirement of standing up for oneself and resist hostility In case of situation when there has to be a quick action taken To solve long term conflicts. It is a very advantageous technique as it provides a speedy solution to a long term conflict; it would also increase the self esteem of the individual if the resistance was as a result of hostility. But as per the author there are certain cautionsto be taken care of while using forcing: It can have a negative impact on the relationship with the other person. It can make the other party respond in the same way, even if initially he would not have done it. This technique would require lots of energy.Some caveat offorcing as discussed are that it may negatively affect your relationship with the opponent in the long run(department, 2016). It may cause the opponent to react in the same way, even if the opponent did not intend to be forceful originally. Also one cannot take advantage of the strong sides of the other sides position. Further taking this approach may require a lot of energy and be exhausting to some individuals. Another technique that is discussed is Win-Win (Collaborating). This technique is known as a problem solving technique. It means to look for an all win solution for both the parties. This approach identifies the opportunity and finds ways to address each other concerns.Itcan be suitable in the following situations When the agreement and harmony with the other party is important to consider. When it is important to look for the wellbeing of several stakeholders. When there is trust and essential to have a long term relationship and also when the responsibility of the work has to be shared. Its advantage is that it helps to solve the real problem, leads to win win situation and trust and respect remains intact. Thecaveat is that it needs commitment more time and effort, and it may not be handy when there is paucity of time. Another technique is compromising; this technique is a mutually agreeable solution which to some extent is agreed by both the stakeholders.It can be used when the targets are not of much importance and trust factor is not yet developed. It helps for quick resolution and lowers down the stress levels, but it can result in lose-lose situations and may decrease the trust factor in the long run. Another technique as discussed is withdrawing, it is also avoiding when the person does not pay heed to either ones or other issues and keeps withdrawing. It can be important in case situations are not important and when one is unprepared and one has to deal with hostility. Its advantage is that it is a low stress approach, but it can lead to negatively affect th e relationship with the other party. Next is Smoothing is accommodating the worry of others first and then own concerns, it can be used in temporary situations and when the concern is not important for you it would help in analyzing the issue from a different perspective but the risk is that the other party can take advantage and it may hamper ones confidence level (Froyd, 2007). According to Eric Dontigney there are various conflict management strategies which can be applied. In a particular circumstance when two parties are involved, a chance of conflict is likely. The reason of conflict could be because of philosophical differences or differentpurpose to influencedisproportion. Badly managed or without properly managed conflict could hamper trust and lower down effectiveness. The author has discussed five conflict management strategies in order to resolve a conflict(Dontigney, 2015). In relationships conflict is bound to occur, but if it is managed in a positive manner, then it offers a chance of advancement which eventually strengthens the relationship between two individuals. Conflict takes place when there is disagreement over the viewpoints and perspectives of people. At times these differences look small but it can generate hard and ill feelings towards each other. In personal matters misunderstanding of different individual requirements can consequen tly give rise to distances and breakups.At workplace divergent requirements are the reason of conflict. When one understands the importance of individual needs and is ready to analyze them in a congenial environment, it then helps in team building and effective relations. Whenever a conflict is solved rapidly trust factor increases. A good conflict resolution is dependent on the capacity of a person to manage his stress by being attentive and peaceful. By remaining peaceful one can exactly understand verbal andnonverbal communication. Controlling thebehavior is another technique. When one can manage his emotions well he can communicate about his requirements without forcing others. It is important to be attentive about the feelings and the verbal communication. One should respect the differences. If one avoids being hasty and disrespectful the conflict can be resolved at a faster pace and it would build trust and foster healthy relationships The person responds in an unhealthy manne r when he does not respond to the urgent issues that are essential for the other party. When one undertakes hurtful and bitter reactions there will be lesser love and person would be lonely. A person responds in a healthy manner when he understands and responds to essential issues. The person quickly forgives and is ready to compromise. There are four skills that help to resolve conflicts quickly and build hope and assurance. The ability to be calm and attentive in stressful situations is an essential feature to resolve conflicts. If a person cannot control himself, then he may become overwhelmed in difficult circumstances. One has the find the things that are comforting for them in order to relieve stress by way of any of the five senses, i.e. sight, sound, touch, taste and smell. Being familiar and identifying ones emotions: being emotionally aware is the key. If the person himself cannot comprehend how and why he feels in a particular way, then he will not be able to put across his views effectively. As many individuals ignore feelings of being sad and angry, but the capacity to manage conflict is dependent on being associated with the emotions. Improving non-verbal communication skills: Very essential information delivered in conflicts is through the gestures like eye contact, facial expression etc. in the midst of a problem one should be watchful of the non verbal body language which will help in better understanding the main problem and will help in building trust. A relaxed tone, a gentle touch can help in resolving a strong argument. Usage of wittiness to tackle confrontations: one can solve disputes and solve conflicts by dealing in a very witty and courteous manner. Laughter can deliver things which are not easy to articulate. Though it is essential to laugh along with the other party and not mock at them. In times when humor is used lower down anxiety and tension and reanalyze the problems the dispute can be converted into a chance of building better association and closeness. According to research there are certain tips to manage andresolvingconflict to control a conflict requires control over emotions. One has to give importance to the relationship and keep it at the forefront. It is essential to take steps to strengthen the relationship rather than strengthen the argument. Conflict can be avoided by being considerate with the other person and his perspective. One should pay attention to the present if we are clinging to old hurt, then the capacity to see the present situation will weaken. Instead of going back in the past and picking up faults, it is important to see what can be done now in the present (Segal, 2009). Conflicts can become very demanding and tough therefore it is good to see if the matter really deserves the time and energy. In order to put an end to a conflict it is very important to be willing to forgive. The solution to ending a conflict is stopping the motivation to punish the other party which cannot pay for our damages but would onl y further take way our energy. One has to decide when to let go, agree or disagree with an argument. If a conflict is not worth the time one should learn to disengage and move away. The ability to be calm and attentive in stressful situations is an essential feature to resolve conflicts. Conflict management model The conflict management model illustrates that how can we handle different conflict in organizations. There are various options for conflict which are: (Meier, 2011) Competing The competing option is at the extreme left of self-assured with less cooperative attitude to resolve the conflict. It means standing for your rights with the approach to be aggressive and standing for your rights Accommodating This stands at extreme right, which means resolving conflict through less assertive approach and being more cooperative. Here, the person resolves the conflict with generosity and selfless nature. This means to take decision taking care of another persons needs. Avoiding This means to totally avoid the conflict and the deal. This approach is neither being assertive nor neither cooperative. This option might lead to diplomatic issues or withdrawing the issue. Compromising This is at the center of the graph which means that the issue is resolved with consent of both the parties. The needs of both parties are taken care in this option. An alternative is being chosen which is best for both the parties. Collaborating This option is opposite of avoiding where both the parties mutually agree to respect each others needs and willing to come to a solution with mutual respect, they listen to each other and work out for creative solutions. Thus we can understand that collaborating is the best option available in Conflict Management. Various situations which can arise in conflicts and debates are: Win-Win situation This is the most acceptable situation where each individual is benefited and both the parties are at a win-win situation. The people involved in discussions win, thus this is collaborating option. Eg: A wanted to purchase a mobile but he was not satisfied with the price as it was affordable for him, he asked the shopkeeper to lower the price. Initially, he refused to do it, but after mutual discussion with long discussion and persuasion, the shopkeeper lowered the price which he could do. Now, both the parties were at win-win situation where A could now buy mobile at affordable price and the shopkeeper can sell the product after making his profit and also made a customer with loyalty. There is no need to go for conflicts in such small issues, hence situation can be handled through negotiation (Experts, 2016). Win-Lose Situation In this situation, one party wins and the other party is at losing or dissatisfied. In this model, even after several discussions, one party will remain benefitted and the other party will remain at a loss. Lose-Lose Situation In this situation, both the parties are at a loss and neither is benefitted. Eg: In the same above case, if A had not purchased the mobile even after discussions and negotiation, the both the parties were dissatisfied at hence at a loss (Kilmann, 2016). An example from corporate world: An Executive Director and Finance Manager are discussing to finalize a donation letter. The right output and goal of this letter is to convey right message to the donars which will be beneficial for the entire organization. Now, the finance manager and ED have to maintain a dynamic and pleasant relationship for long-lasting and reliable working relationship. Both parties are individuals with their specific expertise. Both have to maintain a collaborating relationship with creative alternatives before signing-off the letter. Both parties needs have to fulfill and neither of the parties should be ignored. RADPAC Approach Details of Radpac are: R Rapport, A Analysis, D-Debate, P=Propose, A Agreement, C- Close Rapport This point indicates that both the parties should be comfortable and should share a good rapport with each other. Eg. In corporate, a new joinee and HR Manager should be comfortable with each other to start the negotiation or any discussion; they must break the ice and start the conversation with a greeting and a smile. Analysis In this point, both the parties should understand each others needs. The customer should understand that shopkeeper is here to earn while shopkeeper should understand that customer needs product at an affordable price. In the same way, an employee should understand that he is here to grab the opportunity and HR Manager to select good employee, so they should understand each others needs (The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2009). Debate This is round of discussion and debates which are done to convince each other. Both pros and cons are evaluated and people debate to convince each other. One must not lose his temper while debating. Both employee and HR Manager had series of debate to try to get want they want. Propose Both the party gives their best possible idea and solution for the situation. Like, HR Manager proposed best possible salary and Employee will debate to get best maximum salary. Agreement Both the parties come to a conclusion and agree for the best possible outcome. Both employee and HR Manager will come to an agreement where each will compromise to their best possible extent. Close The discussion and negotiation are closed and both are satisfied. Like both Employee and HR manager are satisfied and the offer letter is generated and the employee will join (Thomason, 2008). Key Features of this Model with respect to my personal views are: - This model is acceptable in all situations and at the workplace. We can manage conflict and resolve conflicts ourselves with collaborating method. RADPAC approach will be highly useful in this Whenever we are entering into a conflict, we can refer to this model. Our decent and well-thought approach can help to resolve our conflict amicably. When I personally enter into conflict, my eyes become red and my head starts burning. My forehead starts to seat with little headache. Any individual can analyze our model i.e., if they are dominating and aggressive, they are resolving the situation with the help of competing. If the individual is calm, peaceful and stress free he is resolving the situation with collaborating way. Conclusion Conflict related circumstances are bound to arise and also an essential feature in workstations. A conflict arises when the aspirations and targets of both the parties gets in the way of each other. Being familiar and identifying ones emotions is the key. If the person himself cannot comprehend how and why he feels in a particular way, then he will not be able to put across his views effectively. One has to give importance to the relationship and keep it at the forefront. It is essential to take steps to strengthen the relationship rather than strengthen the argument. Conflict can be avoided by being considerate to the other person and his perspective. Thus, in end it can be concluded that various conflict management strategies and RADPAC approach can be applied to have a win-win situation. References Bolton, R., 2016. Conflict management techniques. Conflict management techniques. department, N. R. m. a. E., 2016. Conflict management. Dontigney, E., 2015. 5 Conflict Management Strategies. 5 Conflict Management Strategies, Experts, M., 2016. Models of Negotiation. Models of Negotiation, tion, Segal, J., 2009. ConflictResolution Skills: Edcc.edu., The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2009. Approaches to negotiation. Approaches to negotiation.